SUBJECT, VERB. OBJECT, COMPLEMENT AND ADJUNCT

Often we confront confusion in identifying Subject, Verb, Object, Complement and Adjunct. So, we need a clear and trickful illustration on this topic Read the whole colum sincerely, minutely with patience so that you won't be in apprehension to differentiate them all. So, lets elaborate the topic with tricks and convenient manner for better understanding of them.

MST EDUCATION

✔SUBJECT- To know Subject better focus on the following points-

Subject must be a Noun/Pronoun.
Normally it comes at the beginning of the sentence.
But sometimes it also comes later.
The subject performs the action in a sentence or the Predicate describes about it.
It describes who/what the sentence is about
Put question " Who is performing the action ?/ who or what is being described?

Some Examples are given below:-

👉Eg-The cat sleeps on the sofa. Here Subject: The cat (the one performing the action of sleeping).

👉Eg- She writes poems in her free time. Here Subject: She (the one performing the action of writing).

👉Eg-The children played in the park all day. Here Subject: The children (the ones performing the action of playing).

👉Eg-My brother is cooking dinner. Here Subject: My brother (the one performing the action of cooking).

👉Eg-The sun rises in the east. Here Subject: The sun (the one performing the action of rising).

👉Eg-The dog barked loudly last night. Here Subject: The dog (the one performing the action of barking).

👉Eg-The manager will call you later. Here Subject: The manager (the one performing the action of calling).

👉Eg-John and Mary are going to the concert.

Here Subject: John and Mary (the ones performing the action of going).

👉Eg- It is raining outside. Here Subject: It (refers to the weather or situation; here, "it" is a dummy subject representing the weather condition).

👉Eg- The teacher explained the lesson clearly. Here Subject: The teacher (the one performing the action of explaining).

✔VERB- Verb is an action word in a sentence. A verb is a word that tells us about an action, a state, or an occurrence in a sentence.
It is called the “heart” of a sentence because without a verb, a complete sentence cannot be formed.

Examples

1.Ram writes a letter.

👉Here “writes” shows action.

2. She is happy.

👉 Here “is” shows state or condition.

3. The baby slept early.

👉Here “slept” shows action.

👉Divisions (Kinds) of Verb

Verbs are mainly divided into two broad classes:

1. Main Verb (Principal Verb)

A main verb expresses the main action or state of the subject.

Examples

Birds fly in the sky.

The child cried loudly.

He plays football.

(a) Transitive Verb
Examples

She reads a book.

I bought a pen.

They watched a movie.

(b) Intransitive Verb
Examples

The baby slept.

Birds fly.

He laughed loudly.

Main verbs are again divided into two types:

A transitive verb needs an object to complete its meaning.

(“book”, “pen”, and “movie” are objects.)

An intransitive verb does not need an object.

2. Auxiliary Verb (Helping Verb)

Auxiliary verbs help the main verb to form tense, voice, mood, etc.

Common Auxiliary Verbs

is, am, are
was, were
have, has, had
do, does, did
shall, will
may, can, must

Examples

She is writing a letter.
They have finished the work.
He will come tomorrow.

Auxiliary verbs are of two kinds:

(a) Primary Auxiliaries

be verbs → is, am, are, was, were
have verbs → has, have, had
do verbs → do, does, did

(b) Modal Auxiliaries

These express ability, permission, duty, possibility, etc.

Examples:

can
could
may
might
must
should
would

Examples

You must obey your teachers.
She can sing well.
We should help the poor.

Use of Verb in a Sentence

A verb is used to:

1. Show Action

The boy runs fast.
Mother cooks food.

2. Show State or Condition

He is sick.
They seem tired.

3. Show Possession

She has a car.
I own a bicycle.

4. Show Occurrence or Event

An accident happened yesterday.
The sun rose early.

Position of Verb in a Sentence

Generally, the verb comes after the subject.

Structure